Language Acquisition

- Understanding the earliest stage of language transformation.

- The typical stages: Babberling, first words and the two word stage.

- Capturing the phases - 'wa-der'.

- Adults speak over 15,000 words a day.

- Comes naturally to us.

- No other animal has ever recorded speech

- Sign Language is just one of 6000 languages

How Language changed gender.

Madam: 

A form of respectful or polite address (substituted for the name) originally used by servants in speaking to their mistress.  

From the 17th to the early 20th cent. madam was the title normally used in addressing a letter to a woman of any rank, except where the use of the name (as in ‘Dear Mrs A.’, etc.) was considered acceptable (‘my lady’, etc., not being admitted in this context).

While in French the title has (with certain customary exceptions) been confined to married women, in English this rule has not been generally adopted, though there are traces of a tendency in the 16–17th cent. to address married women as ‘madam’ and unmarried women as ‘mistress’.

Madam is still the word generally used by persons in positions of service to the public, spec. by sales assistants to female customers, and also as a polite or formal form of address to a woman, esp. one whose name is not known to the speaker.

Secondary Power

Grice's Maxims

•The maxim of quantity, where one tries to be as informative as one possibly can, and gives as much information as is needed, and no more.

•The maxim of quality, where one tries to be truthful, and does not give information that is false or that is not supported by evidence.

•The maxim of relation, where one tries to be relevant, and says things that are pertinent to the discussion.

•The maxim of manner, when one tries to be as clear, as brief, and as orderly as one can in what one says, and where one avoids obscurity and ambiguity.

Foucault
The prison, and its panoptic architecture, was for Foucault a perfect example of these new technologies of power. In the panopticon, the prisoner can be observed at any time. However, because the observation tower in the middle of the prison is also a source of light, he doesn’t know when he is actually being watched, therefore acts with the assumption of an omnipresent observer. 

Bourdieu
•Against the intellectualist tradition, Bourdieu stressed that mechanisms of social domination and reproduction were primarily focused on bodily know-how and competent practices in the social world.

•For Bourdieu, the modern social world is divided into what he calls fields. For him, the differentiation of social activities led to the constitution of various, relatively autonomous, social spaces in which competition centers around particular species of capital.

Apple - iPad Air - TV Ad – Pencil

The type of power that is used within the advertisement is influential because the advert is trying to persuade you to buy its product, which is the new iPad Air. Apple have to tried to aim the advert as everyone as their target audience, because of the implied graphology framework which includes a part of everyone lives. For example, ‘to illustrate things, to solve things and think of new things’ which the individual lexis, ‘things’ is repeated throughout.

The Discourse Structure of the advert is based like a story, because Apple hide the fact that it is based on the iPad by using a pencil to help sell the product as of how slim it is, by the graphological technique.  The pragmatics of the advert is that, the iPad has helped people ‘solve things and think of new things’ meaning that if you buy an the new iPad you can achieve more than what you could do with the old one, making it more appealing to the customer. Apple uses a second person noun by the commentator saying ‘We can’t wait to see where you’ll take it next’, which the reader or listener will then react into buying one as because of what it has done to the working environment, and what else it can do. The lexical choice of the advert, use what every Apple fan wants to hear, that it is ‘...thinner, lighter iPad Air’ which will engage the audience as every Apple product has become thinner and lighter. Finally the phonology of the advert is promoted by the use of repetition by saying that;’... to illustrate things, to solve things and think of new things’ which make the reader or listener that the iPad can do anything, giving all the power to Apple because they created a great and unique advert.

Letter to Mrs Herman

Dear Mrs Herman,

Other the last five years that I have been here, I haven't noticed a massive improment on the appearance of the school; except of the awful blue gates that hold everyone in as prisoner. So I went round the school and asked everyone what they thought of the overall appearance and everyone around the school has agreed with me with this, as we find that the school needs to be modernised. As of Monday morning, no one will bring their books or any other equipment to the classrooms until, we get what we deserve.

Welcome to Year 12 English Language!!!

 

Over the two years of your A-level English Language course, you will be developing two distinct sets of skills:

o    The ability to write effectively for different genres, contexts, audiences and purposes

o    The ability to analyse and comment effectively on the language and language features of written and spoken texts.

Lexis and Semantics is examining the stylistic aspects of a text at the level of word choice and word meaning.



 

 

 

 

A Synonymy is when you change the word in the sentence buy it still has the same meaning.

·         Large – Big

·         Small – Tiny

 

Hyponyms is a specific term used to designate a word to a certain class. For example, ‘Daisy and Rose’ are hyponyms of a flower.